Краткое описание: В этом материале рассмотрены definition, manufacturing process, classification, technical specifications, применения, и отраслевые стандарты для woven plastic fabric (polypropylene/polyethylene). Материал основан на publicly available стандарты и technical literature.
Woven Plastic Fabric
Типовой names Woven PP fabric, woven геотекстиль, tarpaulin base, woven scrim
Primary materials Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), PP/PE blends
Production process Extrusion → slitting → stretching → weaving → winding
Product form Rolls (flat width up to 8 m, длина рулона 1000–3000 m)
Применения FIBC bags, woven sacks, truck tarpaulins, мат от сорняков, геотекстиль separation, landfill covers
Woven plastic fabric (also known as тканый полипропиленовый fabric, woven геотекстиль, or tarpaulin base fabric) is a textile-like material manufactured from flat tapes (slit films) or monofilaments of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE). tapes are woven on circular or flat looms to form a stable, high-strength sheet. material is supplied in roll form (тканый материал rolls) и is widely используемый в упаковка, construction, agriculture, transportation, и geotechnical engineering.
- Definition
- Raw Материалs
- Производство Process
- Classification
- Key Технические спецификации
- Применения
- Applicable Стандартs
- Technical Trends
- Выбор Considerations
- Справочные материалы
1. Definition
Woven plastic fabric is produced by extruding PP or PE resin into a thin film, slitting film into tapes (обычно 2–5 mm wide), и stretching tapes at elevated temperature to orient polymer molecules. This orientation greatly increases прочность на растяжение. oriented tapes are then woven on looms in a plain weave (or other weaves) to create a fabric с high strength-to-weight ratio.
fabric is usually delivered as a roll. Depending on применение, it can be используется as-is (uncoated) or further processed by ламинация (coating), printing, slitting, or bag-making.
2. Raw Материалs
Polypropylene (PP) Тканый материал
- Properties: High прочность на растяжение, good creep resistance, low moisture absorption, relatively stiff handle.
- удлинение at break: обычно 12–25 %.
- Melting point: ~160–170 °C.
Polyethylene (PE) Тканый материал
- Properties: Softer, more flexible, better low-temperature impact resistance than PP.
- удлинение at break: обычно 15–30 %.
- Melting point: ~120–130 °C.
Additives
- UV-стабилизаторы (технический углерод or HALS): required для outdoor применения (>6 months exposure).
- Flame retardants: для scaffolding protection fabrics, event tents.
- Antistatic agents: для FIBCs используемый в explosive dust environments.
- Цвет masterbatches: для coloured fabrics (green, blue, black, etc.).
3. Производство Process
production of woven plastic fabric involves two main stages: tape (flat yarn) extrusion и weaving.
3.1 Tape (Flat Yarn) Production
- Extrusion: PP or PE resin is melted (190–250 °C) и extruded through a flat die to form a thin film.
- Quenching: film is rapidly cooled in a water bath to set amorphous structure.
- Slitting: film is cut into narrow tapes (slit film tapes) of a defined width (e.g., 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm).
- Stretching (orientation): Tapes are heated (120–150 °C) и stretched 4–8 times their original length. This aligns polymer molecules, greatly increasing прочность на растяжение.
- Annealing (heat setting): stretched tapes are relaxed at elevated temperature to reduce shrinkage.
- Winding: finished tapes are wound onto spindles (bobbins) для weaving stage.
3.2 Weaving
- Circular looms: Produce tubular fabric (no side seam). используется для woven sacks, FIBC body fabric, и certain геотекстили.
- Flat looms (water-jet or rapier): Produce open-width (flat) fabric. используется для wide tarpaulins, геотекстили, и coated banner substrates.
Weave density (ends per inch / picks per inch) и tape width are adjusted to achieve required GSM / г/м² и mechanical properties.
3.3 Post-Processing
- Ламинация (coating): PE or PP film is extruded onto one or both sides of fabric. Ламинация provides водонепроницаемыйing, dust-tightness, и improved printability.
- Printing: Flexographic printing для logos, handling instructions, or branding.
- Slitting: Cutting wide rolls to narrower widths.
- Bag conversion: для woven sacks: tubular fabric is cut, one end is sewn or heat-sealed. для FIBCs: panels are cut и sewn together с lifting loops и filling spouts.
4. Classification
| Category | Sub-type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| By material | тканый PP | High strength, more rigid, lower creep |
| тканый PE | Softer, better cold-temperature performance | |
| By surface treatment | Uncoated (unlaminated) | Permeable (воздух, water), используется для мат от сорняков, sandbags, ordinary sacks |
| Coated (laminated) | Waterproof, dust-proof, используется для tarpaulins, cement bags, FIBCs с barrier | |
| By weaving form | Flat (open-width) | Single-layer sheet, width up to 8 m |
| Tubular (circular) | Seamless tube, flattened into rolls, ideal для sack и bag making | |
| By weave pattern | Plain weave | Most common; high stability, moderate удлинение |
| Twill weave | Slightly softer, better drape, less common |
5. Key Технические спецификации
| Параметр | Метод испытания | Типовой диапазон / Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| GSM / г/м² (mass per unit area) | ISO 9864 / ASTM D5261 | 40 – 300 g/m² |
| Weave density | Count per 10 cm | Warp & weft: 20–60 ends/10 cm |
| Прочность на растяжение (grab) | ASTM D4632 | ≥ 900 N (separation) to ≥ 1350 N (стабилизация) |
| Wide-width прочность на растяжение | ASTM D4595 / ISO 10319 | ≥ 18 kN/m (separation); ≥ 22‑36 kN/m (стабилизация) |
| удлинение at break | ASTM D4595 / ISO 10319 | 12–25 % (woven PP типовой) |
| CBR стойкость к проколу | ASTM D6241 | ≥ 1.5 kN (separation); ≥ 2.4 kN (стабилизация) |
| Apparent opening size (AOS) | ASTM D4751 | O₉₅ = 0.15 – 0.43 mm |
| UV stability (500 h) | ASTM D4355 | ≥ 70 % retained прочность на растяжение |
6. Применения
6.1 Упаковка
- Woven sacks (25‑50 kg): cement, fertiliser, rice, animal feed, chemicals.
- FIBC (Flexible Intermediate Оптовый заказ Containers) – “Big Bags” / “Tote bags”: 0.5‑3 t capacity, с lifting loops.
- Container liner bags: Large tubular fabric placed inside shipping containers для bulk powder transport.
6.2 Construction & Engineering
- Heavy-duty tarpaulins: Truck covers, flatbed tarps, building site covers.
- Тканые геотекстили: Separation (prevents intermixing of грунтовое основание и щебеночное основание), стабилизация (increases bearing capacity of unpaved roads), reinforcement (embankments и retaining walls).
- Scaffolding protection fabric: flame-retardant, often с eyelets.
- Waterproofing membrane carrier: fabric coated с bitumen or PVC to produce roofing membranes.
6.3 Сельское хозяйство & Horticulture
- Weed mat (почвенное покрытие): black, uncoated fabric that allows вода и воздух but blocks light.
- Shade net (open-mesh тканый материал): provides adjustable shading для nurseries и greenhouses.
- Silage wrap (reinforced): woven scrim laminated с PE film; highly puncture-resistant для bale wrapping.
- Greenhouse thermal blanket: multilayer woven covers для frost protection.
6.4 Environmental & Public Works
- Landfill daily cover: heavy тканый материал (150‑200 g/m²) с технический углерод to resist UV, prevents waste blow-away.
- Compost cover: breathable тканый материал для aerobic composting systems.
- Контроль эрозии / wind break: installed on coastal or desert sand dunes.
6.5 Transportation & Logistics
- Railway wagon tarpaulins: large format, high strength, grommets и rope hems.
- Automatic chain tarps для tipper trucks (с chain pockets для mechanised opening/closing).
6.6 Geotechnical & Hydraulic Engineering
- Woven геотекстиль для стабилизация дорожного основания: placed beneath щебень layers to reduce thickness requirement и improve rutting resistance.
- Filter fabric для drains / weep holes (controlled AOS).
- Wrap-around filter для perforated pipes (soft or rigid).
6.7 Other Применения
- Outdoor advertising banner substrate: coated тканый материал (PVC or acrylic) для large-format printing.
- Tent floor fabric: heavy laminated тканый материал с anti-slip texture.
- Reusable shopping bags: lightweight тканый материал PP (non-coated).
7. Applicable Стандартs
| Region | Стандарт | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 8946‑2013 | Plastic woven sacks – Общие technical requirements |
| China | GB/T 17689‑2008 | Geosynthetics – Plastic woven геотекстиль |
| USA / AASHTO | AASHTO M 288 | Геотекстиль specification для highway применения |
| Europe | EN 13249 | геотекстиля для дорожное строительство (CE marking) |
| International | ISO 10319:2015 | Wide-width tensile test |
| International | ISO 13438 | стойкость к УФ screening test |
8. Technical Trends
- Recycled content: тканый материал PPs с up to 30-50% post-industrial or post-consumer recycled resin are increasingly available для non-food-contact применения.
- Lightweight high-strength: Through optimised tape orientation и weaving patterns, 70‑80 g/m² fabrics now achieve прочность на растяжениеs previously requiring 100 g/m².
- Multi-layer co-extruded tapes: Core layer (recycled) с virgin skin layers to maintain стойкость к УФ и printability while reducing cost.
- Biodegradable тканые материалы: Experimental PLA-based flat tapes; currently limited to short-life horticultural применения due to higher cost и lower mechanical performance.
9. Выбор Considerations
- Outdoor применение (>6 months): UV стабилизация (≥ 70 % residual strength after 500 h accelerated test) is mandatory. Black fabric с 2‑3 % технический углерод is most cost-effective UV solution.
- Waterproofing: применение double-side laminated (coated) fabric. Do not laminate мат от сорняков or дренаж геотекстили – they require водопроницаемость.
- Heavy lifting (FIBCs): Specify safety factor 5:1 or 6:1; verify loop stitching и base reinforcement.
- Low-temperature environments: Prefer PE-based or PP/PE blend fabrics over 100 % PP to avoid brittleness.
- Food contact: Only virgin resins с approved additives (FDA / EU food contact compliant) are allowed.
10. Справочные материалы
AASHTO M 288‑21. Стандарт Specification для спецификация геотекстиля для дорожного применения. AASHTO, 2021.
EN 13249:2016+A2:2021. геотекстиля и геотекстиль-related products для дорожное строительство. CEN.
ISO 10319:2015. Geosynthetics – Wide-width tensile test. ISO.
Koerner, R.M. (2012). Designing с Geosynthetics, 6th Edition. Xlibris.
GB/T 8946‑2013. Plastic woven sacks – Общие technical requirements. Издательство стандартов Китая.
FHWA‑HRT‑17‑111. Geosynthetic Design и Construction Руководствоlines. US Federal Highway Administration, 2017.
Этот материал is intended для technical reference. Users should always refer to local design codes и проектные спецификации before selecting materials.